- Contexts 3 4 1 – Fast Window Switcher Systems Inc
- Contexts 3 4 1 – Fast Window Switcher Systems Installation
- Contexts 3 4 1 – Fast Window Switcher Systems System
Both types involve handing control over to the operating system kernel to perform the context switch. The process of switching in and out of the OS kernel along with the cost of switching out the registers is the largest fixed cost of performing a context switch. A more fuzzy cost is that a context switch messes with the processors cacheing. Your note is very true, so make sure you don't run more than one batch file in the same command-window. Close the command window and open a new one first. Roman Rubio Monday, December 15, 2008. Ford Power Window Switch Wiring Diagram. Posted by MI.KEA.WW1.THIERRYLUANGRATH.FR on. 2020-10-15 Ford Power Window Switch Wiring Diagram. Audio Switch 2.0 main menu. Nicole Cozma/CNET To switch Playback devices, left-click the Audio Switch icon in the system tray and select it from the list.
-->Definition
Provides members for setting and retrieving data about an application's context.
AppContext
Remarks
The AppContext class enables library writers to provide a uniform opt-out mechanism for new functionality for their users. It establishes a loosely-coupled contract between components in order to communicate an opt-out request. This capability is typically important when a change is made to existing functionality. Conversely, there is already an implicit opt-in for new functionality.
AppContext for library developers
Libraries use the AppContext class to define and expose compatibility switches, while library users can set those switches to affect the library behavior. By default, libraries provide the new functionality, and they only alter it (that is, they provide the previous functionality) if the switch is set. This allows libraries to provide new behavior for an existing API while continuing to support callers who depend on the previous behavior.
Define the switch name
The most common way to allow consumers of your library to opt out of a change of behavior is to define a named switch. Its
value
element is a name/value pair that consists of the name of a switch and its Boolean value. By default, the switch is always implicitly false
, which provides the new behavior (and makes the new behavior opt-in by default). Setting the switch to true
enables it, which provides the legacy behavior. Explicitly setting the switch to false
also provides the new behavior.It's beneficial to use a consistent format for switch names, since they are a formal contract exposed by a library. The following are two obvious formats.
- Switch.namespace.switchname
- Switch.library.switchname
Once you define and document the switch, callers can use it by using the registry, by adding an <AppContextSwitchOverrides> element to their application configuration file, or by calling the AppContext.SetSwitch(String, Boolean) method programmatically. See the AppContext for library consumers section for more information about how callers use and set the value of AppContext configuration switches.
When the common language runtime runs an application, it automatically reads the registry's compatibility settings and loads the application configuration file in order to populate the application's AppContext instance. Because the AppContext instance is populated either programmatically by the caller or by the runtime, you do not have to take any action, such as calling the SetSwitch method, to configure the AppContext instance.
Check the setting
You can then check if a consumer has declared the value of the switch and act appropriately by calling the AppContext.TryGetSwitch method. The method returns
true
if the switchName
argument is found, and when the method returns, its isEnabled
argument indicates the value of the switch. Otherwise, the method returns false
.An example
The following example illustrates the use of the AppContext class to allow the customer to choose the original behavior of a library method. The following is version 1.0 of a library named
StringLibrary
. It defines a SubstringStartsAt
method that performs an ordinal comparison to determine the starting index of a substring within a larger string.The following example then uses the library to find the starting index of the substring 'archæ' in 'The archaeologist'. Because the method performs an ordinal comparison, the substring cannot be found.
Version 2 of the library, however, changes the
SubstringStartsAt
method to use culture-sensitive comparison.![Window Window](https://www.techspot.com/articles-info/1670/images/2018-08-29-image.png)
When the app is recompiled to run against the new version of the library, it now reports that the substring 'archæ' is found at index 4 in 'The archaeologist'.
This change can be prevented from breaking the applications that depend on the original behavior by defining an <AppContextSwitchOverrides> switch. In this case, the switch is named
StringLibrary.DoNotUseCultureSensitiveComparison
. Its default value, false
, indicates that the library should perform its version 2.0 culture-sensitive comparison. true
indicates that the library should perform its version 1.0 ordinal comparison. A slight modification of the previous code allows the library consumer to set the switch to determine the kind of comparison the method performs. Png animator 1 3 – animated portable network graphics generator.If application can then use the following configuration file to restore the version 1.0 behavior.
When the application is run with the configuration file present, it produces the following output:
AppContext for library consumers
If you are the consumer of a library, the AppContext class allows you to take advantage of a library or library method's opt-out mechanism for new functionality. Individual methods of the class library that you are calling define particular switches that enable or disable a new behavior. The value of the switch is a Boolean. If it is
false
, which is typically the default value, the new behavior is enabled; if it is true
, the new behavior is disabled, and the member behaves as it did previously.You can set the value of a switch in one of four ways:
- By calling the AppContext.SetSwitch(String, Boolean) method in your code. The
switchName
argument defines the switch name, and theisEnabled
property defines the value of the switch. Because AppContext is a static class, it is available on a per-application domain basis.Calling the AppContext.SetSwitch(String, Boolean) has application scope; that is, it affects only the application. - By adding an
<AppContextSwitchOverrides>
element to the <runtime> section of your app.config file. The switch has a single attribute,value
, whose value is a string that represents a key/value pair containing both the switch name and its value.To define multiple switches, separate each switch's key/value pair in the <AppContextSwitchOverrides> element'svalue
attribute with a semicolon. In that case, the<AppContextSwitchOverrides>
element has the following format:Using the<AppContextSwitchOverrides>
element to define a configuration setting has application scope; that is, it affects only the application.NoteFor information on the switches defined by the .NET Framework, see the <AppContextSwitchOverrides> element. - By adding an entry to the registry. Add a new string value to the HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoft.NETFrameworkAppContext subkey. Set the name of the entry to the name of the switch. Set its value to one of the following options:
True
,true
,False
, orfalse
. If the runtime encounters any other value, it ignores the switch.On a 64-bit operating system, you must also add the same entry to the HKLMSOFTWAREWow6432NodeMicrosoft.NETFrameworkAppContext subkey.Using the registry to define an AppContext switch has machine scope; that is, it affects every application running on the machine. - For ASP.NET applications, you add an <Add> element to the <appSettings> section of the web.config file. For example:
If you set the same switch in more than one way, the order of precedence for determining which setting overrides the others is:
- The programmatic setting.
- The setting in the app config file or the web.config file.
- The registry setting.
The following is a simple application that passes a file URI to the Path.GetDirectoryName method. When run under the .NET Framework 4.6, it throws an ArgumentException because
file://
is no longer a valid part of a file path.To restore the method's previous behavior and prevent the exception, you can add the
Switch.System.IO.UseLegacyPathHandling
switch to the application configuration file for the example:See also
Contexts 3 4 1 – Fast Window Switcher Systems Inc
Properties
BaseDirectory | Gets the file path of the base directory that the assembly resolver uses to probe for assemblies. |
TargetFrameworkName | Gets the name of the framework version targeted by the current application. |
Methods
GetData(String) | Returns the value of the named data element assigned to the current application domain. |
SetSwitch(String, Boolean) | Sets the value of a switch. |
TryGetSwitch(String, Boolean) | Tries to get the value of a switch. |
Applies to
See also
-->Windows Installer can install a package on a computer into two installation contexts: per-machine and per-user. A per-machine installation of the package is required to enable all users of the computer to access and use the application. Because a per-machine installation makes changes to the system that affect all users, standard users having limited privileges may be prevented from installing a package into the per-machine context without first obtaining permission.
You can specify installation context by authoring the package for per-user or per-machine installation and using the ALLUSERS and MSIINSTALLPERUSER properties. Based on these properties, Windows Installer automatically redirects the values of folder properties and registrations to locations for the per-user or per-machine context.
Note
The MSIINSTALLPERUSER property, available beginning with Windows Installer 5.0 and Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7, can facilitate the development of a single package capable of being installed in either the per-machine or per-user context. For information about developing a dual-purpose package that gives the user the capability to choose the installation context at installation time, see Single Package Authoring. Windows Installer ignores the MSIINSTALLPERUSER property if the value of ALLUSERS is not 2. Windows Installer always resets the value of ALLUSERS to 1 when it installs in the per-machine context and resets the value of ALLUSERS to an empty string (') when it installs in the per-user context.
Shortcut Redirection
The following table compares the locations of shortcuts for per-machine and per-user installation contexts.
Per-Machine Installation Context (ALLUSERS=1) | Per-User Installation Context (ALLUSERS=') |
---|---|
Applications appear under Add/Remove Programs on Control Panel for all users of the computer. | Applications appear only under Add/Remove Programs on Control Panel for users that have installed the applications. |
Shortcuts are installed to the All Users profile. | Shortcuts are installed only to that user's profile. |
Icons and transforms are stored in %WINDOWS%Installer{ProductCode}. | Icons and transforms are stored in %USERPROFILE%Application DataMicrosoftInstaller{ProductCode GUID} |
Registry Redirection
The following table compares the locations of registry entries for the per-machine and per-user installation contexts.
Per-Machine Installation Context (ALLUSERS=1) | Per-User Installation Context (ALLUSERS=') |
---|---|
Windows Installer writes or removes registry values entered in the Registry table and RemoveRegistry table, with the value -1 in the Root column, under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE. | Windows Installer writes or removes registry values entered in the Registry table and RemoveRegistry table, with the value -1 in the Root column, under HKEY_CURRENT_USER. |
Windows Installer writes or removes registry values entered in the Registry table and RemoveRegistry table, with the value msidbRegistryRootClassesRoot (0) in the Root column, under HKLMSoftwareClasses. | Windows Installer writes or removes registry values entered in the Registry table and RemoveRegistry table, with the value msidbRegistryRootClassesRoot (0) in the Root column, under HKCUSoftwareClasses. |
COM registration is written to HKLMSoftwareClasses. | COM registration is written to HKCUSoftwareClasses. |
Contexts 3 4 1 – Fast Window Switcher Systems Installation
Folder Redirection
Windows Installer sets the values of the folder properties to the full path of the respective folder for the installation context.
Note
Folders are identified by their KNOWNFOLDERID and CSIDL constants. Beginning with Windows Vista, applications should use the SHGetKnownFolderPath function and the KNOWNFOLDERID to determine the full path to the special folders. Existing applications that use the SHGetFolderPath function and constant special item IDs (CSIDL) will continue to work.
The following table compares the locations of folders that are used when Windows Installer installs the package in the per-machine or per-user installation contexts.
Per-Machine Installation Context (ALLUSERS=1) | Per-User Installation Context (ALLUSERS=') |
---|---|
DesktopFolderThe full path of the Desktop folder for all users. FOLDERID_PublicDesktop (CSIDL_COMMON_DESKTOPDIRECTORY) | DesktopFolderThe full path of the Desktop folder for the current user. FOLDERID_Desktop (CSIDL_DESKTOP, CSIDL_DESKTOPDIRECTORY) |
ProgramMenuFolderThe full path of the Program Menu folder for all users. FOLDERID_CommonPrograms (CSIDL_COMMON_PROGRAMS) | ProgramMenuFolderThe full path of the Program Menu folder for the current user. FOLDERID_Programs (CSIDL_PROGRAMS) |
StartMenuFolderThe full path of the Start Menu folder for the all users. FOLDERID_CommonStartMenu (CSIDL_COMMON_STARTMENU) | StartMenuFolderThe full path of the Start Menu folder for the current user. FOLDERID_StartMenu (CSIDL_STARTMENU) |
StartUpFolderThe full path of the Start Up folder for all users. FOLDERID_CommonStartup (CSIDL_COMMON_STARTUP) | StartUpFolderThe full path of the Start Up folder for the current user. FOLDERID_Startup (CSIDL_STARTUP) |
TemplateFolderThe full path of the Templates folder for all users. FOLDERID_CommonTemplates (CSIDL_COMMON_TEMPLATES) | TemplateFolderThe full path of the Templates folder for the current user. FOLDERID_Templates (CSIDL_TEMPLATES) |
AdminToolsFolderThe full path of the Admin Tools folder for all users. FOLDERID_CommonAdminTools (CSIDL_COMMON_ADMINTOOLS) | AdminToolsFolderThe full path of the Admin Tools folder for the current user. FOLDERID_AdminTools (CSIDL_ADMINTOOLS) |
AppDataFolderThe full path of the Program Menu folder. Windows Vista and later: The full path of the Roaming folder. FOLDERID_RoamingAppData (CSIDL_APPDATA) | AppDataFolderThe full path of the Program Menu folder. Windows Vista and later: The full path of the Roaming folder. FOLDERID_RoamingAppData (CSIDL_APPDATA) |
CommonAppDataFolderThe full path of the folder that contains application data for all users. FOLDERID_ProgramData (CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA) | CommonAppDataFolderThe full path of the folder that contains application data for all users. FOLDERID_ProgramData (CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA) |
FavoritesFolderThe full path of the Favorites folder for the current user. FOLDERID_Favorites (CSIDL_FAVORITES) | FavoritesFolderThe full path of the Favorites folder for the current user. FOLDERID_Favorites (CSIDL_FAVORITES) |
PersonalFolderThe full path of the My Documents folder or Personal folder for the current user. Windows Vista and later: The full path of the Documents folder for the current user. FOLDERID_Documents (CSIDL_PERSONAL) | PersonalFolderThe full path of the My Documents folder or Personal folder for the current user. Windows Vista and later: The full path of the Documents folder for the current user. FOLDERID_Documents (CSIDL_PERSONAL) |
SendToFolderThe full path of the SendTo folder. FOLDERID_SendTo (CSIDL_SENDTO) | SendToFolderThe full path of the SendTo folder. FOLDERID_SendTo (CSIDL_SENDTO) |
FontsFolderThe full path of the System Fonts folder. FOLDERID_Fonts (CSIDL_FONTS) | FontsFolderThe full path of the System Fonts folder. FOLDERID_Fonts (CSIDL_FONTS) |
ProgramFilesFolder32-bit version of Windows: The property value is the full path to the Program Files folder for all users (for example, %ProgramFiles%.) The identifier for this folder is FOLDERID_ProgramFiles (CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES.) The identifiers FOLDERID_ProgramFiles and FOLDERID_ProgramFilesX86 represent the same folder. Files in this folder can be accessed by all users. 64-bit version of Windows: The property value is the full path to the Program Files (x86) folder for all users (for example, %ProgramFiles(x86)%.) The identifier for this folder is FOLDERID_ProgramFilesX86 (CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILESX86.) Files in this folder can be accessed by all users. | ProgramFilesFolderWindows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7: The property value is the full path of the Programs folder for the current user (for example, %LocalAppData%Programs.) The identifier for this folder is FOLDERID_UserProgramFiles on 32-bit and 64-bit systems. There is no equivalent CSIDL identifier for FOLDERID_UserProgramFiles. Files in this folder can be accessed only by the user that installed this folder. Windows Server 2008 and earlier, and Windows Vista and earlier: No per-user capable folder is available. The path is the same as for the per-machine context (for example, %ProgramFiles% or %ProgramFiles(x86)%.) Files in this folder can be accessed by all users. |
CommonFilesFolder32-bit version of Windows: The property value is the full path to the Common Files folder for all users (for example, %ProgramFiles%Common Files.) The identifier for this folder is FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommon (CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMON.) The identifiers FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommon and FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommonX86 represent the same folder. Files in this folder can be accessed by all users. 64-bit version of Windows: The property value is the full path to the Common Files folder for all users (for example, %ProgramFiles(x86)%Common Files.) The identifier for this folder is FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommonX86 (CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMONX86.) Files in this folder can be accessed by all users. | CommonFilesFolderWindows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7: The property value is the full path of the Common folder for the current user (for example, %LocalAppData%ProgramsCommon.) The identifier for this folder is FOLDERID_UserProgramFilesCommon on 32-bit and 64-bit systems. There is no equivalent CSIDL identifier for FOLDERID_UserProgramFilesCommon. Files in this folder can be accessed only by the user that installed this folder. Windows Server 2008 and earlier, and Windows Vista and earlier: No per-user capable folder is available. The path is the same as in the per-machine context (for example, %ProgramFiles%Common Files or %ProgramFiles(x86)%Common Files.) Files in this folder can be accessed by all users. |
ProgramFiles64FolderThe property value is the full path to the Program Files folder for all users (for example, %ProgramFiles%.) The identifier for this folder is FOLDERID_ProgramFilesX64. There is no equivalent CSIDL identifier to FOLDERID_ProgramFilesX64. This is the pre-defined folder for 64-bit components and applies to 64-bit systems. Files in this folder can be accessed by all users. | ProgramFiles64FolderWindows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7: The property value is the full path of the Programs folder for the current user (for example, %LocalAppData%Programs.) The identifier for this folder is FOLDERID_UserProgramFiles. There is no equivalent CSIDL identifier for FOLDERID_UserProgramFiles. Files in this folder can be accessed only by the user that installed this folder. Windows Server 2008 and earlier, and Windows Vista and earlier: No per-user capable folder is available. The path is the same as for the per-machine context (for example, %ProgramFiles%.) Files in this folder can be accessed by all users. |
CommonFiles64FolderThe property value is the full path to the Common Files folder for all users (for example, %ProgramFiles%Common Files.) This is the pre-defined folder for 64-bit components and applies to 64-bit systems. The identifier for this folder is FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommonX64. There is no equivalent CSIDL identifier to FOLDERID_ProgramFilesCommonX64. Files in this folder can be accessed by all users. | CommonFiles64FolderWindows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7: The property value is the full path of the Common folder for the current user (for example, %LocalAppData%ProgramsCommon.) The identifier for this folder is FOLDERID_UserProgramFilesCommon. There is no equivalent CSIDL identifier for FOLDERID_UserProgramFilesCommon. Files in this folder can be accessed only by the user that installed this folder. Windows Server 2008 and earlier, and Windows Vista and earlier: No per-user capable folder is available. The path is the same as for the per-machine context (for example, %ProgramFiles%Common Files.) Files in this folder can be accessed by all users. |
WindowsFolderThe full path of the Windows folder. FOLDERID_Windows (CSIDL_WINDOWS) | WindowsFolderThe full path of the Windows folder. FOLDERID_Windows (CSIDL_WINDOWS) |
SystemFolderThe full path of the System folder. FOLDERID_SystemX86 (CSIDL_SYSTEMX86) | SystemFolderThe full path of the System folder. FOLDERID_SystemX86 (CSIDL_SYSTEMX86) |
LocalAppDataFolderThe full path of the folder that contains local (nonroaming) applications. FOLDERID_LocalAppData (CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA) | LocalAppDataFolderThe full path of the folder that contains local (nonroaming) applications. FOLDERID_LocalAppData (CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA) |
MyPicturesFolderThe full path of the Pictures or My Pictures folder. FOLDERID_Pictures (CSIDL_MYPICTURES) | MyPicturesFolderThe full path of the Pictures or My Pictures folder. FOLDERID_Pictures (CSIDL_MYPICTURES) |
PrintHoodFolderThe full path of the PrintHood folder. FOLDERID_PrintHood (CSIDL_PRINTHOOD) | PrintHoodFolderThe full path of the PrintHood folder. FOLDERID_PrintHood (CSIDL_PRINTHOOD) |
NetHoodFolderThe full path of the NetHood folder. FOLDERID_NetHood (CSIDL_NETHOOD) | NetHoodFolderThe full path of the NetHood folder. FOLDERID_NetHood (CSIDL_NETHOOD) |
RecentFolderThe full path of the Recent folder. FOLDERID_Recent (CSIDL_RECENT) | RecentFolderThe full path of the Recent folder. FOLDERID_Recent (CSIDL_RECENT) |
Note
![Contexts 3 4 1 – fast window switcher systems inc Contexts 3 4 1 – fast window switcher systems inc](https://static.macupdate.com/screenshots/133499/m/contexts-screenshot.png?v=1568243417)
Contexts 3 4 1 – Fast Window Switcher Systems System
An application can call the MsiEnumProducts or MsiEnumProductsEx functions to enumerate all the products installed on the system. The application can then retrieve information about the installation context of these products by calling the MsiGetProductInfoEx or MsiGetProductInfo functions. For information see Determining Installation Context.